Vue2 与 Vue3

2022/08/29 Vue 共 5802 字,约 17 分钟

生命周期

Vue2.xVue3.x
beforeCreatesetup
createdsetup
beforeMountonBeforeMount
mountedonMounted
beforeUpdateonBeforeUpdate
updatedonUpdated
beforeDestroyonBeforeUnmount
destroyedonUnmounted
errorCapturedonErrorCaptured

整体来看变化不大,除了 beforeCreatecreatedsetup 代替外,其余的基本都是变更名称,但功能本质上未发生变化

响应式原理

Object.defineProperty

vue2 中无法实现对数组对象的深层监听,是因为组件每次渲染都是将 data 里的数据通过 defineProperty 进行响应式或者双向绑定,在此之前没有加上的属性是不会被绑定上的,也就不会触发更新渲染

Object.defineProperty(Obj, 'name', {
  enumerable: true, // 可枚举
  configurable: true, // 可配置

  get: function() {
    return def
  },
  set: function(val) {
    def = val
  }
})

Vue2.x 针对数组的解决方案:对常用数组原型方法 pushpopshiftunshiftsplicesortreverse 进行了 hack 处理;并提供了 Vue.set 监听对象/数组新增属性。对象的新增/删除响应,还可以 new 一个新对象,新增则合并新属性和就对象,删除则将删除属性后的对象深拷贝给新对象。

Object.defineProperty 是可以监听数组已有元素的,但 Vue2 没有提供的原因是 性能问题

Proxy

const hanlder = {
  get: function(obj, prop) {
    return prop in obj ? obj[prop] : 'none'
  },
  set: function() {},
  ...
}
const p = new Proxy({}, handler)
p.a = 1;
p.b = undefined
console.log(p.a, p.b) // 1, undefined
console.log('c' in p, p.c) // false, 'none'

defineProperty 只能响应首次添加时的属性值,而 Proxy 监听的是整个数据整体,不需要关心里面有什么属性,而且 Proxy 的配置项丰富(一共13种),可以做更细致的事情

Diff 算法

搬运 Vue3 patchChildren 源码。结合上文与源码,patchFlag帮助 diff 时区分静态节点,以及不同类型的动态节点。一定程度地减少节点本身及其属性的比对。

function patchChildren(n1, n2, container, parentAnchor, parentComponent, parentSuspense, isSVG, optimized) {
  // 获取新老孩子节点
  const c1 = n1 && n1.children
  const c2 = n2.children
  const prevShapeFlag = n1 ? n1.shapeFlag : 0
  const { patchFlag, shapeFlag } = n2
  
  // 处理 patchFlag 大于 0 
  if(patchFlag > 0) {
    if(patchFlag && PatchFlags.KEYED_FRAGMENT) {
      // 存在 key
      patchKeyedChildren()
      return
    } els if(patchFlag && PatchFlags.UNKEYED_FRAGMENT) {
      // 不存在 key
      patchUnkeyedChildren()
      return
    }
  }
  
  // 匹配是文本节点(静态):移除老节点,设置文本节点
  if(shapeFlag && ShapeFlags.TEXT_CHILDREN) {
    if (prevShapeFlag & ShapeFlags.ARRAY_CHILDREN) {
      unmountChildren(c1 as VNode[], parentComponent, parentSuspense)
    }
    if (c2 !== c1) {
      hostSetElementText(container, c2 as string)
    }
  } else {
    // 匹配新老 Vnode 是数组,则全量比较;否则移除当前所有的节点
    if (prevShapeFlag & ShapeFlags.ARRAY_CHILDREN) {
      if (shapeFlag & ShapeFlags.ARRAY_CHILDREN) {
        patchKeyedChildren(c1, c2, container, anchor, parentComponent, parentSuspense,...)
      } else {
        unmountChildren(c1 as VNode[], parentComponent, parentSuspense, true)
      }
    } else {
      
      if(prevShapeFlag & ShapeFlags.TEXT_CHILDREN) {
        hostSetElementText(container, )
      } 
      if (shapeFlag & ShapeFlags.ARRAY_CHILDREN) {
        mountChildren(c2 as VNodeArrayChildren, container,anchor,parentComponent,...)
      }
    }
  }
}

patchUnkeyedChildren 源码如下:

function patchUnkeyedChildren(c1, c2, container, parentAnchor, parentComponent, parentSuspense, isSVG, optimized) {
  c1 = c1 || EMPTY_ARR
  c2 = c2 || EMPTY_ARR
  const oldLength = c1.length
  const newLength = c2.length
  const commonLength = Math.min(oldLength, newLength)
  let i
  for(i = 0; i < commonLength; i++) {
    // 如果新 Vnode 已经挂载,则直接 clone 一份,否则新建一个节点
    const nextChild = (c2[i] = optimized ? cloneIfMounted(c2[i] as Vnode)) : normalizeVnode(c2[i])
    patch()
  }
  if(oldLength > newLength) {
    // 移除多余的节点
    unmountedChildren()
  } else {
    // 创建新的节点
    mountChildren()
  }
  
}

patchKeyedChildren源码如下,有运用最长递增序列的算法思想:

function patchKeyedChildren(c1, c2, container, parentAnchor, parentComponent, parentSuspense, isSVG, optimized) {
  let i = 0;
  const e1 = c1.length - 1
  const e2 = c2.length - 1
  const l2 = c2.length
  
  // 从头开始遍历,若新老节点是同一节点,执行 patch 更新差异;否则,跳出循环 
  while(i <= e1 && i <= e2) {
    const n1 = c1[i]
    const n2 = c2[i]
    
    if(isSameVnodeType) {
      patch(n1, n2, container, parentAnchor, parentComponent, parentSuspense, isSvg, optimized)
    } else {
      break
    }
    i++
  }
  
  // 从尾开始遍历,若新老节点是同一节点,执行 patch 更新差异;否则,跳出循环 
  while(i <= e1 && i <= e2) {
    const n1 = c1[e1]
    const n2 = c2[e2]
    if(isSameVnodeType) {
      patch(n1, n2, container, parentAnchor, parentComponent, parentSuspense, isSvg, optimized)
    } else {
      break
    }
    e1--
    e2--
  }
  
  // 仅存在需要新增的节点
  if(i > e1) {    
    if(i <= e2) {
      const nextPos = e2 + 1
      const anchor = nextPos < l2 ? c2[nextPos] : parentAnchor
      while(i <= e2) {
        patch(null, c2[i], container, parentAnchor, parentComponent, parentSuspense, isSvg, optimized)
      }
    }
  }
  
  // 仅存在需要删除的节点
  else if(i > e2) {
    while(i <= e1) {
      unmount(c1[i], parentComponent, parentSuspense, true)    
    }
  }
  
  // 新旧节点均未遍历完
  // [i ... e1 + 1]: a b [c d e] f g
  // [i ... e2 + 1]: a b [e d c h] f g
  // i = 2, e1 = 4, e2 = 5
  else {
    const s1 = i
    const s2 = i
    // 缓存新 Vnode 剩余节点 上例即{e: 2, d: 3, c: 4, h: 5}
    const keyToNewIndexMap = new Map()
    for (i = s2; i <= e2; i++) {
      const nextChild = (c2[i] = optimized
          ? cloneIfMounted(c2[i] as VNode)
          : normalizeVNode(c2[i]))
      
      if (nextChild.key != null) {
        if (__DEV__ && keyToNewIndexMap.has(nextChild.key)) {
          warn(
            `Duplicate keys found during update:`,
             JSON.stringify(nextChild.key),
            `Make sure keys are unique.`
          )
        }
        keyToNewIndexMap.set(nextChild.key, i)
      }
    }
  }
  
  let j = 0
  // 记录即将 patch 的 新 Vnode 数量
  let patched = 0
  // 新 Vnode 剩余节点长度
  const toBePatched = e2 - s2 + 1
  // 是否移动标识
  let moved = false
  let maxNewindexSoFar = 0
  
  // 初始化 新老节点的对应关系(用于后续最大递增序列算法)
  const newIndexToOldIndexMap = new Array(toBePatched)
  for (i = 0; i < toBePatched; i++) newIndexToOldIndexMap[i] = 0
  
  // 遍历老 Vnode 剩余节点
  for (i = s1; i <= e1; i++) {
    const prevChild = c1[i]
    
    // 代表当前新 Vnode 都已patch,剩余旧 Vnode 移除即可
    if (patched >= toBePatched) {
      unmount(prevChild, parentComponent, parentSuspense, true)
      continue
    }
    
    let newIndex
    // 旧 Vnode 存在 key,则从 keyToNewIndexMap 获取
    if (prevChild.key != null) {
      newIndex = keyToNewIndexMap.get(prevChild.key)
    // 旧 Vnode 不存在 key,则遍历新 Vnode 获取
    } else {
      for (j = s2; j <= e2; j++) {
        if (newIndexToOldIndexMap[j - s2] === 0 && isSameVNodeType(prevChild, c2[j] as VNode)){
           newIndex = j
           break
        }
      }           
   }
   
   // 删除、更新节点
   // 新 Vnode 没有 当前节点,移除
   if (newIndex === undefined) {
     unmount(prevChild, parentComponent, parentSuspense, true)
   } else {
     // 旧 Vnode 的下标位置 + 1,存储到对应 新 Vnode 的 Map 中
     // + 1 处理是为了防止数组首位下标是 0 的情况,因为这里的 0 代表需创建新节点
     newIndexToOldIndexMap[newIndex - s2] = i + 1
     
     // 若不是连续递增,则代表需要移动
     if (newIndex >= maxNewIndexSoFar) {
       maxNewIndexSoFar = newIndex
     } else {
       moved = true
     }
     
     patch(prevChild,c2[newIndex],...)
     patched++
   }
  }
  
  // 遍历结束,newIndexToOldIndexMap = {0:5, 1:4, 2:3, 3:0}
  // 新建、移动节点
  const increasingNewIndexSequence = moved
  // 获取最长递增序列
  ? getSequence(newIndexToOldIndexMap)
  : EMPTY_ARR
  
  j = increasingNewIndexSequence.length - 1

  for (i = toBePatched - 1; i >= 0; i--) {
    const nextIndex = s2 + i
    const nextChild = c2[nextIndex] as VNode
    const anchor = extIndex + 1 < l2 ? (c2[nextIndex + 1] as VNode).el : parentAnchor
    // 0 新建 Vnode
    if (newIndexToOldIndexMap[i] === 0) {
      patch(null,nextChild,...)
    } else if (moved) {
      // 移动节点
      if (j < 0 || i !== increasingNewIndexSequence[j]) {
        move(nextChild, container, anchor, MoveType.REORDER)
      } else {
        j--
      }
    }
  }
}